What Are The Common Oxidation States Of Niobium?

The common oxidation states of niobium are +2, +3, +4, +5. In these oxidation states, niobium forms a variety of compounds with different properties and applications in fields such as metallurgy, electronics, and catalysis. Niobium also exhibits higher oxidation states like +6, +7, but they are less stable and less commonly observed in its compounds.