Aluminium Chloride
Aluminium chloride is a chemical compound with the formula AlCl3. It is a white or yellow crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and polar solvents such as ethanol and acetone.
Aluminium chloride is commonly used as a Lewis acid catalyst in organic chemistry reactions, particularly in the Friedel-Crafts reaction for the acylation and alkylation of aromatic compounds. It is also used in the production of aluminum metal and its alloys, as well as in the production of dyes, flavors, fragrances, and pharmaceuticals.
Pure aluminium chloride has a low melting point of 192°C and sublimes at 178°C. However, it is often obtained commercially as a hydrated form, such as AlCl3·6H2O, which is a yellowish-white crystalline solid. The hydrated form is more stable and easier to handle than the anhydrous form, which can react violently with moisture.
Aluminium chloride is a powerful dehydrating agent and can react exothermically with water to produce hydrogen chloride gas. It should be handled with care and stored in a cool, dry place away from moisture and incompatible materials. When working with aluminium chloride, it is important to wear appropriate protective clothing and equipment, including gloves, goggles, and a respirator.
In summary, aluminium chloride is a versatile chemical compound that is widely used as a catalyst and in various industrial applications. It should be handled with caution due to its reactivity with water and other materials.