Lithium Thionyl Chloride Wikipedia

Lithium thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl2) is a primary lithium battery chemistry that offers high energy density, excellent reliability, and long shelf life. It is composed of a lithium metal anode and a thionyl chloride cathode that react to produce electrical energy.

Thionyl chloride (SOCl2) is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor that is commonly used as a solvent and chemical reagent. When combined with lithium, it forms a powerful electrochemical couple in which lithium is oxidized at the anode and thionyl chloride is reduced at the cathode.

The reaction between lithium and thionyl chloride is exothermic and produces a voltage of approximately 3.6 volts per cell. This high voltage, combined with the high energy density of the chemistry, makes Li-SOCl2 batteries ideal for use in applications where long life and high energy are critical, such as in military and aerospace applications, medical devices, and remote sensors.

Li-SOCl2 batteries have a very low self-discharge rate, meaning they can be stored for several years without losing their charge. They also have a wide temperature range, from -55°C to +85°C, making them suitable for use in extreme environments.

However, Li-SOCl2 batteries are not rechargeable, meaning they must be disposed of after use. Additionally, they are sensitive to over-discharge, which can cause the formation of lithium dendrites on the anode, leading to safety hazards and reduced performance.

In summary, lithium thionyl chloride is a high-energy density battery chemistry that offers excellent reliability and long shelf life, but is not rechargeable and requires careful handling to avoid safety hazards.