Barium Niobate

Barium niobate (BaNb2O6) is a compound of barium, niobium, and oxygen. It belongs to the class of perovskite-type oxides with a cubic crystal structure at room temperature. It has a high refractive index and nonlinear optical properties.

When barium niobate is exposed to light, it generates an electric field due to the interaction between the light and the electrons in the material. This phenomenon is known as the Pockels effect. The Pockels effect allows barium niobate to be used as an electro-optic modulator, which can change the polarization of light passing through it by applying an electric field.

In addition to its electro-optic properties, barium niobate also exhibits piezoelectric behavior. When subjected to an external mechanical stress or pressure, it generates an electric charge. This property makes it useful in various applications, such as sensors and actuators.

Barium niobate is typically synthesized through solid-state reactions, where barium carbonate and niobium oxide are heated together at high temperatures. It is a white or colorless powder that is insoluble in water.

Overall, barium niobate is a versatile material with unique optical and electrical properties that make it useful in a variety of applications, including telecommunications, optical switches, and waveguides.