Gold(III) Chloride

Gold(III) chloride is a chemical compound with the formula AuCl3. It consists of one gold atom that has a +3 oxidation state and three chlorine atoms that each have a -1 oxidation state. The compound is a yellow-orange solid at room temperature and is highly soluble in water, forming a deep red solution.

Gold(III) chloride has a variety of uses, including as a precursor in the synthesis of other gold compounds, as a catalyst in organic reactions, and as a staining agent for biological samples. It is also used in the production of gold nanoparticle catalysts and as an etchant in electronic circuitry.

When handling gold(III) chloride, it is important to take proper safety precautions, such as wearing gloves and protective eyewear, as it can be toxic if ingested or absorbed through the skin. It should also be stored in a cool, dry place away from sources of ignition and incompatible materials such as strong reducing agents.

In solution, gold(III) chloride undergoes hydrolysis, meaning that it reacts with water to form various complexes depending on the pH of the solution. At low pH values, the complex [AuCl4]- predominates, while at higher pH values, the complex [Au(OH)2Cl2] becomes more prevalent. These different complexes have different properties and reactivities, which can be useful in various applications.