How Stable Is Silver Fulminate?

Silver fulminate is a highly unstable and sensitive explosive compound. It is made by reacting silver nitrate with ammonium hydroxide and then adding ethanol and ether to the solution. The resulting white crystals are highly shock-sensitive and can detonate upon slight friction, impact, or heat.

The instability of silver fulminate arises from its molecular structure, which consists of silver ions bonded to the highly reactive fulminate ion (CNO-). The fulminate ion has a highly strained triple bond between carbon and nitrogen that makes it prone to decomposition, releasing large amounts of energy in the process.

Due to its extreme sensitivity, silver fulminate should be handled with great care and only by experienced professionals using appropriate safety measures. Even minor disturbances such as static electricity, sparks, or vibrations can trigger an accidental explosion.

Therefore, storing silver fulminate for prolonged periods is not recommended, and it should be used immediately after preparation. If storage is necessary, it should be done in small quantities, in a cool and dry place, away from any sources of heat, friction, or shock. Additionally, silver fulminate should never be stored near other chemicals or explosives, as it may lead to unintended reactions and catastrophic consequences.